Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Overview

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition characterised by airflow limitation, chronic inflammation, and reduced oxygen exchange. It includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema, most commonly caused by long-term exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, air pollution, or occupational dust ^{[1, 2]}.

Symptoms such as breathlessness, chronic cough, and mucus production often worsen over time, impacting physical capacity and emotional well-being. While conventional treatment focuses on bronchodilators, corticosteroids, and oxygen therapy, Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Healthcare (TCIH) approaches can support respiratory function, reduce inflammation, and enhance quality of life through breathing regulation, nutritional support, and mind–body balance ^{[3, 4]}.

Common Causes and Contributing Factors

COPD develops through a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle influences ^{[2, 5]:}

• Smoking and tobacco exposure – The leading cause, damaging airway tissue and alveoli.
• Environmental pollutants – Chronic exposure to dust, fumes, or chemicals.
• Respiratory infections – Repeated infections may contribute to airway inflammation.
• Genetic factors – Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency increases susceptibility.
• Chronic inflammation – Systemic inflammation contributes to progressive lung decline.
• Sedentary lifestyle – Decreased activity reduces lung capacity and resilience.
• Poor nutrition – Deficiency in antioxidants and essential fatty acids may worsen inflammation.

Signs and Symptoms

COPD symptoms typically progress slowly and may include:

• Shortness of breath (especially during exertion)
• Chronic cough with or without mucus
• Wheezing or chest tightness
• Fatigue and reduced exercise tolerance
• Frequent respiratory infections
• Unintended weight loss in advanced stages

Early management is essential to slow progression and improve quality of life ^[6].

Holistic and TCIH Approaches

Integrative care for COPD focuses on improving respiratory efficiency, reducing inflammation, and strengthening overall vitality through physical, nutritional, and psychological support:

• Breathwork and Pulmonary Rehabilitation – Techniques such as diaphragmatic and pursed-lip breathing can enhance oxygen uptake and reduce dyspnea ^[7].
• Buteyko Breathing Technique - Nasal breathing, breath-holding and other BBT protocols positively affect dyspnea ^[9]
• Yoga Therapy – Gentle postures and pranayama (breath control) improve lung function, muscle strength, and relaxation ^{[8, 9].}
• Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) – May reduce airway inflammation and improve energy balance by supporting lung and spleen meridians ^[10].
• Herbal and Nutritional Support – Antioxidant-rich herbs (such as turmeric, ginseng, and liquorice root) and nutrients like omega-3s and vitamin D may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress ^[11].
• Mindfulness and Stress Reduction – Chronic stress worsens breathlessness; meditation, guided imagery, and mindfulness practices help regulate the nervous system and promote calm ^[12].
• Massage and Manual Therapies – Techniques that aid lymphatic flow and chest expansion may help relieve muscular tension and improve breathing comfort ^[13].
• Aromatherapy – Essential oils such as eucalyptus, peppermint, and lavender can help ease congestion and anxiety when used safely in conjunction with conventional care.

Self-Care and Lifestyle Practices

Daily habits and self-care strategies can support lung health and overall well-being:

• Practise regular deep breathing or gentle yoga to strengthen respiratory muscles.
• Avoid exposure to smoke, dust, and airborne irritants.
• Eat a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and omega-3 fats to reduce systemic inflammation.
• Maintain a healthy weight — both undernutrition and obesity can strain breathing.
• Stay active with low-impact movement such as walking or tai chi.
• Practise mindfulness, gratitude, or relaxation exercises to manage anxiety.
• Stay hydrated to help thin mucus secretions.

When to Seek Professional Support

Seek medical care if you experience worsening breathlessness, increased mucus, or frequent respiratory infections. Emergency care is required for sudden shortness of breath, bluish lips or fingertips, or confusion due to low oxygen.

A verified SoulAdvisor practitioner specialising in Butyeko, yoga therapy, breathwork, acupuncture, naturopathy, or mindfulness-based stress reduction can complement medical treatment by supporting relaxation, respiratory strength, and emotional resilience. Integrative care empowers people with COPD to live with greater ease, self-awareness, and vitality