Lymphoedema

Overview

Lymphoedema is swelling caused by a faulty or damaged lymphatic system. It can happen if the system doesn’t develop properly or gets injured. The swelling usually affects the arms or legs but can also appear in the chest, abdomen, neck, or genitals^[1]. 

The lymphatic system supports immunity by fighting infections and maintaining fluid balance. It works like a waste disposal system, removing excess fluid, bacteria, and waste from tissues. Once fluid enters the lymphatic vessels, it becomes "lymph" and moves through larger, deeper vessels with the help of muscle movement, deep breathing, and gentle massage (Manual Lymphatic Drainage). Lymph passes through nodes in the neck, armpits, and groin, where harmful substances are filtered out. Finally, it drains into veins near the collarbone, returns to the bloodstream, and is eliminated as urine^[1].

Causes of Lymphoedema

There are two causes of Lymphoedema^[2]:

1. Primary Lymphoedema – Caused by genetic issues that lead to an underdeveloped lymphatic system. It can appear at birth, during childhood, or in early adulthood.
2. Secondary Lymphoedema – More common and results from damage or blockage in the lymphatic system due to:
   • Surgery (often when lymph nodes are removed for cancer treatment)
   • Radiation therapy
   • Injuries or tissue damage
   • Infections (like filariasis)
   • Cancer
   • Obesity

Cancer treatments, including surgery and radiation, can lead to lymphoedema in different body areas. For example, breast cancer treatments may cause arm and chest swelling, while prostate or bowel cancer treatments can affect the legs or groin. Symptoms may develop immediately or even years later.

Signs of Lymphoedema

These are common signs associated with Lymphoedema^[3]:

• Swelling in arms, legs, fingers, or toes – Fluid buildup causes noticeable swelling in the affected area.
• Heaviness or tightness in the affected area – The limb may feel heavy, stiff, or uncomfortable due to fluid retention.
• Limited movement – Swelling and tightness can make it harder to bend joints or move freely.
• Frequent infections – Poor lymph drainage weakens immunity, increasing the risk of infections like cellulitis.
• Skin hardening or thickening (fibrosis) – Long-term swelling can cause the skin to become firm, rough, or less elastic.

Lymphoedema and TCIH Approaches

In addition to conventional treatments, several complementary therapies can support the healing process and help manage Lymphoedema more effectively:

• Ayurveda: Ayurveda addresses lymphedema through a combination of specialized therapies, internal medications, dietary modifications, and lifestyle practices. A key treatment is Udvartanam, a controlled, systematic upward massage designed to eliminate toxins associated with Kapha and Medo Dosha imbalances. This gentle technique, performed by skilled practitioners, enhances lymphatic circulation and reduces swelling. Internal medications aim to balance the doshas and improve overall health^[4].
• Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) approaches the treatment of lymphedema by addressing underlying imbalances such as Qi stagnation and Dampness accumulation. A notable TCM prescription, Linba Fang, has been developed to manage lymphedema effectively. This herbal formula aims to improve lymphatic circulation, reduce tissue swelling, and alleviate associated symptoms^[5].
• Yoga: Yoga has emerged as a valuable tool in managing lymphoedema by promoting lymphatic circulation through gentle, repetitive movements and deep diaphragmatic breathing. These practices facilitate lymph flow, enhance range of motion, and improve strength, which can counteract the effects of lymphoedema when performed slowly and gently^[6].